This study examines the development of research on the application of Appraisal Theory in language education through a bibliometric approach. Appraisal Theory, developed by Martin and White (2005), provides a framework for analyzing how language users express emotions, attitudes, and evaluations. It is grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), an empirically oriented theory that...
Abstract
Competency-based reform has reshaped language education, positioning communicative competence as a central curricular goal. In Vietnam, the Competency-Based English Teaching Curriculum (CBETC) embodies this shift; however, its classroom enactment remains theoretically underexamined. Many existing studies often frame implementation as a procedural or belief-driven process, overlooking...
ChatGPT has been a commonly used tool for facilitating speaking practice and feedback, its contribution to improving vocabulary complexity has yet to be adequately examined and evaluated in an educational context.
This quasi-experimental study was carried out at OVA English Center in Vietnam, where 30 IELTS learners, whose initial speaking level ranged from Band 5.0 to 5.5, were randomly...
The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) is changing how Vietnamese university students engage with English beyond traditional classrooms. AI is no longer just an extra study tool but part of students’ everyday encounters with English, creating new opportunities for practice, reflection, and meaning-making. This trend is especially important in a higher education system that is...
Globalization has brought not only opportunities but also challenges to English teaching and learning. In the context of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, teaching English for non-majored students still faces lots of challenges due to several factors. The present study aims to shed light on factors affecting English non-majored freshmen's language attitude towards EFL learning at Can Tho University...
Abstract
The research explores the effectiveness of applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to the teaching and learning of Business English at HUFLIT, specifically in the Customer Service course. The writer uses action research through qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, such as, observation, interview, and survey. The participants include 420 juniors majoring in Business...
This study explores the application of the PEEL/PETAL framework to enhance paragraph writing skills for Grade 10 students using the Global Success curriculum. Addressing common challenges such as fragmented ideas and lack of coherence in Vietnamese EFL classrooms, the initiative was implemented during the 2025–2026 academic year. Methodologically, the research employed a mixed-methods...
This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) is being researched and perceived in English language education among English-major students at HUFLIT in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It has two main aims: to map the research methods currently used to investigate AI in English language education and to explore students’ attitudes toward AI-supported learning. Adopting a mixed-methods design,...
This study examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into English Language Teaching (ELT) through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 3,717 academic documents published between 2020 and early 2026. Using advanced computational methods including Python-based network analysis and visualization techniques, the research maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been proved to radically enhance the quality and personalization of language education. Motivated by the growing integration of AI technologies into English learning and the need for research on learners’ perceptions of their effectiveness, this study investigated how tertiary English majors perceived the application of AI-based language learning tools in...
Despite years of mandatory instruction, many Vietnamese university graduates remain unable to communicate effectively in English, a failure largely attributable to the entrenched dominance of the Grammar-Translation method. This paper argues that the path to genuine fluency lies in the rigorous application of the Direct Method in teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL), moving...
English is one of the most used languages in the world; however, in ESL classes, more time is given to grammar than to communication. This has led to a situation where ESL students know how to speak and write in English grammatically but cannot apply their knowledge in real-life situations. This study was conducted to solve this problem by designing a new ESL curriculum that emphasizes...
This study examines how institutional visions, policies, and pedagogical realities shape ESL competence development in Vietnamese higher education through a case study at Phenikaa University and Hanoi Metropolitan University. Amid national shifts from EFL toward functional ESL models driven by globalization and EMI expansion, persistent gaps remain between policy intentions and classroom...
As Vietnam transitions from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Second Language (ESL), teacher training institutions like Pham Van Dong University (PDU) play a critical role in redefining pedagogical roles. This paper explores the integration of Cognitive Metonymy - a mental mapping process where one entity provides access to another - as a tool to enhance lexical retention...
Most of the English-major sophomores of the 63th course of Nha Trang University make mistakes in grammar, spelling, vocabulary and ideas in business writing. To improve their writing skills, sophomores of the experiment class were asked to do a service-learning project to assist freshmen in writing academic paragraphs. Service-learning method is a teaching method which links classroom learning...
Despite notable progress in expanding access to basic education in Nepal, with high net enrolment rates at the primary level, ensuring inclusive and high-quality learning remains a persistent challenge—particularly in remote mountain districts such as Solukhumbu District. Gender disparities, poverty, limited school resources, and weak community engagement continue to affect attendance,...
ABSTRACT
The integrated curriculum is being implemented in high schools in Vietnam, so it is crucial that English teaching and assessment contribute not only to language development for adolescent students but also to the formation of their civic awareness and national identity. For this purpose, designing examination papers functions as an effective pedagogical instrument rather than merely...
Abstract
In recent years, English education in Vietnam has increasingly emphasized communicative competence and the use of English for interaction as the country shifts toward a more ESL-oriented context. However, classroom instruction still largely prioritizes grammatical knowledge and linguistic accuracy over pragmatic aspects of communication. Within communicative competence, the ability...
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of English as a Second Language (ESL) education research, examining 109 documents from the Scopus database to identify global trends, key research themes, and collaborative networks. Through systematic application of bibliometric methods and VOSviewer visualization techniques, the research maps the intellectual landscape of...
Improving coherence and cohesion (CC) in academic writing, especially for IELTS preparation, is challenging. It requires logical thinking, constructive feedback, and sufficient practice, but time constraints often prevent teachers from properly assessing every student's work. Generative AI models like ChatGPT can be an effective supplementary tool to help students analyse improper cohesive...
The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving HUFLIT English-majored sophomores’ syntactic skills with the core textbook “Analyzing Sentences- An Introduction to English Syntax” by Noel Burton-Roberts (5th edition,2022). In consideration of the scarcity of research on the application of AI in Syntax subject, a quasi-experimental...
This study explores the effectiveness of integrating ChatGPT and Wordwall to improve English vocabulary learning among ninth-grade students in a Vietnamese lower secondary school. In response to the limitations of traditional vocabulary teaching, which often relies on rote memorization, the study proposes a four-stage instructional model: contextualization using ChatGPT, game-based practice...
This classroom-based study examines how Wayground was used to enhance student engagement in vocabulary and grammar learning among A1-A2 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at a Vietnamese vocational college in Ho Chi Minh City. Low-proficiency learners often demonstrate limited participation and heightened anxiety during traditional language practice, particularly in grammar-focused...
Speaking is often the most difficult skill for young learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), not because of limited language knowledge, but because of their reluctance to speak in class. This reluctance is closely related to learners’ Willingness to Communicate (WTC). This study explores how different types of classroom speaking activities influence learners’ WTC, self-perceived...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into English language education, yet its ethical and pedagogical effectiveness in EFL contexts remains underexplored, particularly in Vietnam. This study investigates English majors’ perceptions of AI-supported learning at a university in Ho Chi Minh City, particularly Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages – Information...
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the English Language training program at Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology (HUFLIT) through an outcome-based education (OBE) perspective, focusing on the alignment between Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the...
ABSTRACT
The rapid growth of digital technology has transformed teaching vocabulary in English as a Foreign Language (EFL), university students have begun employing online resources to study words on their own. In Vietnam, vocabulary websites, online dictionaries and interactive platforms provide learners a helpful substitute for classroom instruction for many learners. Teachers’ perspectives...
The proliferation of ChatGPT has facilitated the learning of translation subjects among language learners, and this is especially true when Vietnam aims to transition English from EFL to ESL. The omnipresence of the chatbot in translation courses proves its effectiveness in assisting learners to achieve their academic targets; nevertheless, the factors behind students’ decision to employ the...
Abstract
The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into language learning has transformed opportunities for independent speaking practice in EFL contexts. Despite increasing student engagement with AI-powered platforms, limited empirical research has examined how AI-supported learning relates to learners’ self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies and their speaking...
The purpose of this study is to examine AI literacy and English writing anxiety among university students in an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context. Recognizing the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into academic writing practices, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews to provide a...
English Language Teaching is growing rapidly in Vietnam. Therefore, understanding why students choose this career is very important to help universities support and develop future teachers. This study aims to explore the career motivations of freshmen in the English Pedagogy major at a public university in Ho Chi Minh City. It also examines whether gender and previous teaching experience...
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language education is increasingly reshaping teaching practices and learner autonomy. In Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), teachers play a critical role in guiding learners to set goals, apply learning strategies, and evaluate outcomes while interacting with AI-supported tools. However, previous research has mainly focused on AI-assisted language...
Gamified learning tools have attracted considerable interest in language education, especially in the area of vocabulary development. This study explores the effectiveness of Quizizz in improving vocabulary acquisition among freshmen EFL students at HUFLIT. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 100 participants through surveys and questionnaires to explore the influence...
In higher education, AI tools are increasingly used to support idea generation, content organization, language improvement, and presentation design. However, despite this growing use, limited research has focused specifically on how students employ AI in developing academic presentations and how they perceive its benefits and challenges. This study aims to investigate students’ use of AI in...
The past few years have witnessed the rapid emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools which have significantly reshaped the academic writing processes in higher education. There has been an increasing tendency among the undergraduates to utilise AI-powered platforms to support multiple stages of academic writing, including brainstorming, initial drafting and revision...
The present study aims to examine the in-and-out-of-school use of English by first-year Vietnamese university students during their preparatory English program in a non-English-speaking environment. The study sample consisted of 50 lower-intermediate EFL learners at the outset of the program, corresponding to levels A2-B1 on the CEFR scale. In the Vietnamese context, speaking English inside...
This qualitative study explores how students at a provincial Vietnamese university construct and negotiate their English-related identities within the intersecting discourses of nationalism and globalization. Drawing on Bonny Norton’s concept of identity investment and Zoltán Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System, the research investigates how learners imagine their future participation in...
Understanding how learners’ motivation translates into actual language use beyond the classroom remains an important issue in TESOL research. Drawing on the L2 Motivational Self System proposed by Zoltán Dörnyei and the sociological perspective of linguistic capital developed by Pierre Bourdieu, this study examines how English-majored university students’ motivational self-concepts and...
Abstract
Project-Based Learning (PBL) has increasingly been recognized as an effective pedagogical approach in higher education, particularly in disciplines that require the integration of abstract theory, applied reasoning, and sustained critical inquiry, such as translation and interpretation studies. However, some previous surveys showed students’ boredom in teaching set up. This paper...
Abstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing is progressing rapidly, presenting both opportunities and challenges in the domain of teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Although the usage of AI tools has spread remarkably among Vietnamese university students, empirical research on how English majors are prepared to navigate the complexities of...
Abstract
In the fast-growing digital era, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools has become indispensable in higher education, particularly in language studies where these technologies offer personalized linguistic support and cognitive scaffolding. Despite this prevalence, empirical evidence regarding student engagement in specialized subjects like Second Language Acquisition...
The global diffusion of English continues to fuel scholarly debate, yet investigations into how Expanding Circle countries articulate the conceptual shift from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Second Language (ESL) in national policies are relatively sparse. This study analyzes Vietnam's current policy evolution, which endeavors to elevate English from a standalone academic...
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the educational setting, especially in the field of language testing and assessment. As AI tools demonstrate significant potential in generating test, providing automated scoring, and tailoring personalized feedback (Deepshikha, 2025), preparing future teachers to use these technologies effectively has become an important...
In recent years, computer-based testing has become increasingly common in language assessment at universities and colleges. Although previous research has compared computer-based and paper-based reading formats in terms of scores and validity, learners’ actual experiences with computer-based reading tests remain underexplored. This issue is particularly relevant for A1 non-English major...
Abstract
Generative AI (GenAI) has transformed higher education, particularly in English Language Studies. However, GenAI is most effective when it helps students build on their own thinking. Accordingly, this study investigates the perceptions and self-reflection practices of English-majored students regarding the use of GenAI in their academic journey. Utilizing a structured self-reflection...
Social media has become an essential part of university students’ daily communication and information access. In Vietnam, where English is increasingly required for academic and career development, social media platforms provide additional opportunities for English exposure beyond classroom settings. This study examines the role of social media as a digital support tool for English as a Second...
As Vietnam gradually shifts from an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) orientation toward a more English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) learning environment, universities face increasing pressure to prepare students to use English effectively for academic communication. Academic writing plays a central role in this transition, particularly in programs preparing learners for English-Medium...
As digital technology rapidly advances, online learning of English has become a new trend in numerous teaching environments. The purpose of this study is to examine how learners view ESL-focused online English learning using Google Meet in private classes of Cambridge exam preparation in Ho Chi Minh City. The study employed a mixed-method approach involving 35 KET and PET level students,...
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly influenced language learning practices worldwide. In recent years, AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and other writing assistants have increasingly been used by students to support their English language learning. In the context of Vietnam’s transition toward English as a second language (ESL),...
Teacher burnout has become an increasing concern in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, particularly in contexts characterized by heavy workloads, high expectations, and exam-oriented teaching. Emotional exhaustion, stress, and reduced job satisfaction can negatively influence teachers’ instructional effectiveness and their interactions with students. Despite growing attention to...
Generative Artificial Intelligence offers the potential to foster independent learning while empirical evidence on its structured pedagogical application in Vietnamese standardized test preparation remains limited. This study examines the impact of integrating a generative AI tool (Gemini Story Book) within a project-based learning framework on VSTEP students’ writing proficiency and explores...
Gamification has gained increasing popularity in teaching and learning English over the past decade. Although there are numerous studies highlighting the benefits of gamification in teaching and learning, the adoption of gamification in grammar learning is not well studied, especially the use of Wordwall to improve the students’ grammar achievement and engagement in Vietnamese higher...
With globalization increasing the demand for proficient business communication, it is crucial to equip ESL learners with the vital skills to thrive in professional environments. Business Communication is a compulsory subject in the training program for the Business English major, Faculty of Foreign Languages at Ho Chi Minh City University of Foreign Languages and Information Technology....
According to Braj B. Kachru’s (1985) model of the Three Circles of English, Vietnam is situated in the Expanding Circle, where English is primarily taught as a foreign language and rarely used beyond the classroom. As a result, learners’ outcomes have often been characterised by knowledge about English rather than the ability to use it for meaningful communication. While recent policy...
Abstract
This study evaluates the efficacy of integrating Total Quality Management (TQM) into Service-Learning projects to fulfill University Social Responsibility (USR) and facilitate the transition from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to a simulated English as a Second Language (ESL) environment. In provincial higher education institutions, executing USR is frequently constrained by...
Abstract
This paper aims to expand previous investigations into the pedagogical application of artificial intelligence (AI) in translation studies by synthesizing empirical survey data on students’ use of AI in Theories and Methods of Transinterpretation (TMT) exercises with an instructional design framework for composing Vietnamese–English structural translation tasks, which are hopefully...
This study examines the institutional transition from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Second Language (ESL) in emerging Southeast Asian higher education contexts. Focusing on the Academy of Policy and Development (Vietnam), Stamford International University (Thailand), and Philippine Normal University (Philippines), the research addresses how institutional English language...
The rapid adoption of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI) in second language (L2) higher education offers new affordances for multilingual interaction, multimodal expression, and individualized feedback. At the same time, growing concerns around academic integrity, erosion of critical thinking, equity, and the reproduction of cultural and linguistic bias remain underexplored. Existing...
AI tools such as ChatGPT have radically transformed the teaching and learning processes. While ChatGPT is widely used, its impacts on learners’ confidence and capabilities are concerning. Therefore, this research aims to examine the relationship between translation-majored students’ ChatGPT usage patterns and their reported translating self-efficacy. Fifty-five students majoring in Translation...
Acknowledging the potentials of Artificial Intelligence technology (AI) and digital design tools in education, especially in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL), the study sought to learn the attitudes and behavioral intentions of Business English students at HUFLIT in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, regarding their use of AI tools (e.g., ChatGPT and Canva) in a project-based...
Abstract
This study investigates user experiences with two prominent mobile language learning applications, ELSA Speak and Busuu, through analysis of 624 user reviews from the Google Play Store collected between January 2024 and February 2025. Employing Natural Language Processing techniques including sentiment analysis and thematic analysis, the research examines user perceptions,...
Foreign language speaking anxiety remains a significant obstacle for EFL learners,where communicative competence is directly linked to future job success. This action research aims to investigate the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology tools in reducing the anxiety of public speaking and enhancing the willingness to communicate (WTC) of a 16-year-old female culinary...
A persistent challenge in Vietnamese EFL education is the gap between classroom learning and real-world communication. Many non-English major students perform well on grammar tests but struggle to understand natural speech or engage in spontaneous conversation. Meanwhile, these students frequently consume short-form video content on platforms like TikTok and Reels, much of which...
With the trend of English as a second language (ESL) as a major priority in Vietnam, students in universities are expected to use English in addition to the classroom more frequently than before. However, in a country that encourages widespread adoption of digital learning tools, this phenomenon may remain a hurdle as they tend to have difficulty in real-life ESL applications, leading to a...
